<p>More than 1 in 4 older adults fall each year, meaning falls are common. But you can make small changes to help prevent falls.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Falling can lead to broken bones, trouble getting around, and other problems — especially if you’re age 65 or older. A fracture (broken bone) can cause pain and disability. It can also make it hard to do everyday activities, like cooking or taking a shower, without help. Broken hips may lead to serious health problems — and even death.</p>

<p>The good news is that there are lots of things you can do to lower your risk of falling. Take these steps:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Talk with&nbsp;your doctor about falls and how to prevent them</li>
	<li>Do exercises to improve your balance and strength</li>
	<li>Review all medicines with your doctor or pharmacist —&nbsp;some medicines can make you dizzy or&nbsp;sleepy and cause you to fall</li>
	<li>Get your vision checked by an eye doctor every&nbsp;year&nbsp;— and be sure to update your glasses or contact lenses when your vision changes</li>
	<li>Make your home safer —&nbsp;for example, add grab bars inside and outside your bathtub or shower and put railings on both sides of stairs</li>
</ul>


The Basics: Overview

<h4>What makes falling more likely?</h4>

<p>As people age, poor balance and weak muscles can lead to falls and fractures. Some older adults also have vision problems or medical conditions that can make a fall more likely. For example, diabetes can reduce feeling in your feet and a stroke can affect your balance. These conditions can make you more likely to fall.</p>

<p>You may be more likely to fall if you:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Have fallen in the past year</li>
	<li>Have a health condition that makes it hard to walk or affects your balance, like diabetes or heart disease</li>
	<li>Have trouble walking, getting up from a chair, or stepping up onto a curb</li>
	<li>Take many different medicines, especially medicines to help you relax or sleep</li>
	<li>Have trouble seeing or have a vision problem like cataracts or glaucoma</li>
</ul>

<p><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.cdc.gov/steadi/pdf/STEADI-Brochure-StayIndependent-508.pdf?_label_=Use+this+checklist+to+find+out+if+you%E2%80%99re+at+risk+for+falling%26nbsp%3B%5BPDF+-+1.8+MB%5D">Use this checklist to find out if you’re at risk for falling&nbsp;[PDF - 1.8 MB]</a>.</p>

<p>If you’re worried about falling, talk to your doctor or nurse about how balance exercises and physical therapy can help.&nbsp;<a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.nia.nih.gov/health/prevent-falls-and-fractures?_label_=Find+out+more+about+preventing+falls+and+fractures">Find out more about preventing falls and fractures</a>.</p>


The Basics: Am I at Risk?

<p>Many falls are preventable. Follow these steps to lower your risk of falling.</p>

<h4>Get physical activity.</h4>

<p>Staying active can help you feel better, improve your balance, and make your legs stronger. Learn more:</p>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/health-conditions/obesity/stay-active-you-get-older-quick-tips?_label_=Get+tips+for+staying+active+as+you+get+older">Get tips for staying active as you get older</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-11/PAG_MYW_OlderAdults_FS.pdf?_label_=Find+out+how+staying+active+can+help+you+stay+healthy%26nbsp%3B%5BPDF+-+1.1+MB%5D">Find out how staying active can help you stay healthy&nbsp;[PDF - 1.1 MB]</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/order.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2018-07/workout-to-go.pdf?_gl=1*1i26dwx*_ga*OTUwMjg0MTk0LjE2MjgyMDg1NDE.*_ga_TK3CE80DBZ*MTYyODcxOTE3OS45LjEuMTYyODcxOTg3Mi4xNA&_label_=Check+out+this+free+workout+guide+for+older+adults+%5BPDF+-+1.6+MB%5D">Check out this free workout guide for older adults [PDF - 1.6 MB]</a></li>
</ul>

<h4>Improve your balance.</h4>

<p>Exercises that improve your balance can help prevent falls. For example, tai chi is&nbsp;a mind-body exercise that can help with balance. You can:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Check with your local community or senior center for physical activity classes that can help your balance</li>
	<li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.nia.nih.gov/health/four-types-exercise-can-improve-your-health-and-physical-ability?_hash_=balance&_label_=Try+these+simple+exercises+to+improve+your+balance">Try these simple exercises to improve your balance</a></li>
</ul>

<h4>Build your muscle strength.&nbsp;</h4>

<p>Do muscle-strengthening activities at least 2 days a week. These include lifting weights or using resistance bands (long, stretchy rubber strips).</p>

<p><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.nia.nih.gov/health/four-types-exercise-can-improve-your-health-and-physical-ability?_hash_=strength&_label_=Try+these+strength+exercises+at+home">Try these strength exercises at home</a>.</p>


Take Action: Get Active

<p>There’s a lot your doctor can do to help keep you safe from falls. Talk with your doctor about your risk of&nbsp;falling.</p>

<h4>Talk with your doctor about using medicines safely.</h4>

<p>Using medicines safely&nbsp;can help prevent falls. Some medicines can make you sleepy or dizzy and cause you to fall.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Take all of your medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) to a doctor or pharmacist and ask if any of them could increase your risk of falling.</p>

<p><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/everyday-healthy-living/safety/use-medicines-safely?_label_=Learn+more+about+using+medicines+safely">Learn more about using medicines safely</a>. You can also <a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000254.htm?_label_=print+this+list+of+questions+to+ask+your+doctor+about+preventing+falls">print this list of questions to ask your doctor about preventing falls</a>&nbsp;and take it with you to your next appointment.</p>

<h4>Get your vision checked.</h4>

<p>Your vision changes as you get older. And poor vision can increase your chances of falling.</p>

<p>Get your eyes checked every year to make sure you’re wearing glasses or contact lenses with the right prescription strength. Be sure to update your glasses or contacts if your prescription has changed. <a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.nia.nih.gov/health/aging-and-your-eyes?_label_=Read+more+about+keeping+your+vision+healthy">Read more about keeping your vision healthy</a>.</p>

<h4>Get a bone density test.</h4>

<p>If you’re a woman age 65 or older,&nbsp;get a bone density test&nbsp;to measure how strong your bones are. If you’re a woman age 64 or younger and you have gone through menopause, ask your doctor if you need a bone density test. <a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/doctor-visits/screening-tests/get-bone-density-test?_label_=Learn+more+about+bone+density+tests">Learn more about bone density tests</a>.</p>

<p>If you have weak bones (osteoporosis), ask your doctor or nurse what steps you can take to stop bone loss and lower your risk of fractures.</p>


Take Action: See a Doctor

<h4>Help prevent falls at home.</h4>

<p>Many falls happen inside the home. Take these steps to make your home safer:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Have railings put on both sides of all stairs&nbsp;inside and outside of your home</li>
	<li>Have grab bars put inside and outside your bathtub or shower and next to the toilet</li>
	<li>Use non-slip mats in the bathtub or shower</li>
	<li>Remove small rugs or use double-sided tape to keep rugs from slipping</li>
	<li>Use bright lights throughout your home, especially on the stairs</li>
	<li>Keep stairs and places where you walk clear of clutter —&nbsp;pick up or move things you can trip over, like cords, papers, shoes, or books</li>
	<li>Keep kitchen items you use often in easy-to-reach cabinets or shelves</li>
</ul>

<p><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.cdc.gov/steadi/pdf/STEADI-Brochure-CheckForSafety-508.pdf?_label_=Use+this+checklist+to+help+prevent+falls+at+home">Use this checklist to help prevent falls at home</a>.&nbsp;</p>

<p>And be sure to follow these safety tips:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Always wear shoes with non-slip soles, even inside your home —&nbsp;don’t walk barefoot or wear slippers or socks instead of shoes</li>
	<li>When you're getting out of a chair, stand up slowly</li>
	<li>When you're getting out of bed, sit up first and then stand up slowly</li>
</ul>


Take Action: Home Safety

<h4>Get enough calcium.</h4>

<p>Getting enough calcium can help keep your bones strong and make them less likely to break. You can:</p>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/everyday-healthy-living/nutrition/get-enough-calcium?_label_=Learn+how+to+get+enough+calcium">Learn how to get enough calcium</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/everyday-healthy-living/nutrition/calcium-shopping-list?_label_=Check+out+this+shopping+list+of+foods+high+in+calcium">Check out this shopping list of foods high in calcium</a></li>
</ul>

<h4>Get plenty of sleep.</h4>

<p>Getting enough sleep can help you be more alert so you’re less likely to fall. <a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/everyday-healthy-living/mental-health-and-relationships/get-enough-sleep?_label_=Find+tips+for+getting+enough+sleep">Find tips for getting enough sleep</a>.</p>

<h4>Drink alcohol only in moderation.</h4>

<p>Alcohol can increase your risk of falling. If you choose to drink alcohol, it’s important to drink only in moderation to help you stay safe and avoid injuries. <a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/health-conditions/heart-health/drink-alcohol-only-moderation?_label_=Read+about+drinking+in+moderation">Read about drinking in moderation</a>.</p>


Take Action: Healthy Habits

<h4>Help your loved one prevent falls.</h4>

<p>If you’re a caregiver, there’s a lot you can do to protect your loved ones. You can:</p>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.cdc.gov/steadi/pdf/STEADI-CaregiverBrochure.pdf?_label_=Check+out+this+resource+on+helping+loved+ones+prevent+falls+%5BPDF+-+3.6+MB%5D+">Check out this resource on helping loved ones prevent falls [PDF - 3.6 MB] </a></li>
	<li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/everyday-healthy-living/safety/preventing-falls-conversation-starters?_label_=Use+these+tips+to+start+a+conversation+about+preventing+falls">Use these tips to start a conversation about preventing falls</a></li>
</ul>


Take Action: Caregiver Support

Lower Your Risk of Falling

<p>One of the best ways to prevent back pain is to keep your back muscles strong. Try these tips to help protect your back and prevent back pain:</p><ul><li>Do muscle-strengthening and stretching exercises at least 2 days a week.</li><li>Stand&nbsp;and sit up straight.</li><li>Avoid heavy lifting. If you do lift something heavy, bend your knees and keep your back straight. That way, your leg muscles will do most of the work.</li><li>Aim for a healthy weight. Being overweight can strain your back. Getting regular physical activity and choosing healthy foods can help you get to and stay at a healthy weight.</li></ul><p><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain?_label_=Learn+more+about+back+pain" id="anch_36">Learn more about back pain</a>.</p><h4>There are different types of back pain.</h4><p>Back pain can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). It can feel like a sudden, sharp pain or a dull, constant ache.</p><p><strong>Acute</strong> back pain lasts from a few days to a few weeks. It’s often caused by an accident, a fall, or lifting something that’s too heavy. Acute back pain usually gets better on its own — but there may be times when you need to get medical care. <a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/back-pain/basics/when-to-see-doctor/sym-20050878?_label_=Find+out+when+to+call+a+doctor+or+nurse+about+back+pain">Find out when to call a doctor or nurse about back pain</a>.</p><p><strong>Chronic</strong>&nbsp;back pain&nbsp;lasts for more than 3 months. It’s much less common than acute back pain. Most chronic back pain can be treated without surgery.&nbsp;</p><p><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take?_hash_=%3A%7E%3Atext%3DTreatment%2520of%2520Back%2520Pain&_label_=Learn+about+ways+to+treat+back+pain">Learn about ways to treat back pain</a>.</p>

<h4>Who gets back pain?</h4><p>Most people have back pain at some point in their lives. It’s one of the most common medical problems. Many people hurt their backs when they lift, push, or pull something that's too heavy. You’re more likely to experience back pain as you get older.</p><p>You may also be at risk for back pain if you:</p><ul><li>Are pregnant</li><li>Have poor posture (don’t stand&nbsp;and sit up straight)</li><li>Aren’t physically active</li><li>Are overweight</li><li>Fall or have an accident</li><li>Have a health problem that can cause back pain (like arthritis or cancer)</li><li>Smoke</li></ul>

<p>Take care of yourself&nbsp;to avoid back pain. Preventing back pain is easier than treating it.</p><h4>Strengthen your back.</h4><p>Physical activity can make your back stronger and lower your risk of back pain:</p><ul><li>Do muscle-strengthening and stretching exercises at least 2 days a week. <a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.myhealth.va.gov/ss20210329-simple-exercises-to-reduce-back-pain?_label_=Try+these+exercises">Try these exercises</a>.</li><li>Try a yoga class. Yoga can help stretch and strengthen muscles and improve your posture. <a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.nccih.nih.gov/health/yoga-what-you-need-to-know?_label_=Get+the+facts+about+yoga">Get the facts about yoga</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>Stay active. Regular physical activity can help keep your back muscles strong. Aim for at least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity. <a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/health-conditions/diabetes/get-active?_label_=Learn+more+about+getting+active">Learn more about getting active</a>.</li></ul><p>If you have an injury,&nbsp;health condition, or&nbsp;disability, consider asking your doctor or nurse which types of activity are best for you.&nbsp;<a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/myhealthfinder/topics/health-conditions/obesity/stay-active-disability-quick-tips?_label_=Get+tips+on+staying+active+with+a+disability">Get tips on staying active with a disability</a>.</p>

<h4>Focus on good posture.</h4><p>Good posture can help prevent back pain.</p><ul><li>Try not to slouch when standing and sitting</li><li>Sit up straight with your back against the back of your chair and your feet flat on the floor — if possible, keep your knees slightly higher than your hips</li><li>Stand tall with your head up and shoulders back</li><li>If you can, switch between standing and sitting so you’re not in the same position for too long</li></ul><h4>Lift correctly.</h4><p>Lift things with your legs, not your back. Keep your back straight and bend at your&nbsp;knees. Get help if the load is too heavy for you to lift alone.&nbsp;<a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000414.htm?_label_=Get%26nbsp%3Bmore+tips+on+safe+lifting" id="anch_49">Get&nbsp;more tips on safe lifting</a>.&nbsp;</p><h4>Prevent back injuries if you sit a lot.</h4><p>If you sit a lot — like if you work at a desk — it’s important to take care of your back. Take regular breaks from sitting if you can. <a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/back-pain/art-20044526?p=1&_label_=Learn+more+about+preventing+back+pain+at+work">Learn more about preventing back pain at work</a>.</p>

Take Action: Prevent Injuries

<h4>Aim for a healthy weight.</h4><p>Getting to and staying at a healthy weight lowers your risk of back pain. If you’re overweight, losing weight in a healthy way can lower the strain on your back. <a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/myhealthfinder/topics/health-conditions/diabetes/watch-your-weight?_label_=Get+tips+for+maintaining+a+healthy+weight">Get tips for maintaining a healthy weight</a>.</p><h4>Get enough calcium and vitamin D.</h4><p>Getting enough calcium and vitamin D can help keep your bones strong and prevent osteoporosis. Osteoporosis makes your bones weaker and more likely to fracture (break) — and if it affects your spine, it can cause back pain.</p><p>To learn more:</p><ul><li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/everyday-healthy-living/nutrition/get-enough-calcium?_label_=Read+about+getting+enough+calcium+and+vitamin+D">Read about getting enough calcium and vitamin D</a></li><li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/doctor-visits/talking-doctor/preventing-osteoporosis-questions-doctor?_label_=Talk+with+your+doctor+about+osteoporosis">Talk with your doctor about osteoporosis</a></li></ul>

Prevent Back Pain

<p>You can help protect yourself from infections when you get medical care. This is especially important when you have a medical procedure, like surgery or dialysis.</p>

<p>Take these steps to help prevent infections when you have a medical procedure:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Talk with your doctor or nurse about infections</li>
	<li>Make sure your doctors, nurses, and visitors always wash their hands — and wash your own hands often, too</li>
	<li>Follow the instructions your doctor gives you for preventing infections after your procedure</li>
</ul>

<h4>How do medical procedures put people at risk for infections?</h4>

<p>Germs can spread from one patient to another or from doctors and nurses to patients. You're at higher risk of getting infections from germs if:</p>

<ul>
	<li>You have surgery or you get an IV (intravenous) tube, a&nbsp;catheter (tube in your vein or bladder), or a&nbsp;ventilator (breathing tube)</li>
	<li>You are very sick</li>
	<li>Your doctors, nurses, and visitors don't take steps to prevent infections, like washing their hands</li>
	<li>You take antibiotics you don't need</li>
</ul>

<p>The good news is that patients and doctors can work together to prevent the spread of germs and the infections they cause.&nbsp;<a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/http/www.cdc.gov/HAI/patientSafety/patient-safety.html?_label_=Learn+more+about+preventing+infections+at+the+hospital" id="anch_38">Learn more about preventing infections at the hospital</a>.</p>


<h4>What types of infections can people get from medical procedures?</h4>

<p>Infections people get from visiting a&nbsp;hospital, health clinic,&nbsp;doctor’s office, or other health care facility are called health care-associated infections (HAIs).</p>

<p>These infections can lead to sickness and even death. Examples of HAIs include blood infections and urinary tract infections from catheters.</p>

<p>Learn more about common HAIs:</p>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/uti.html?_label_=Urinary+tract+infections" id="anch_40">Urinary tract infections</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html?_label_=Pneumonia" id="anch_41">Pneumonia</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.cdc.gov/hai/bsi/clabsi-resources.html?_label_=Blood+infections" id="anch_42">Blood infections</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.cdc.gov/mrsa/community/index.html?_label_=MRSA+infections%26nbsp%3B" id="anch_43">MRSA infections&nbsp;</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.cdc.gov/hai/ssi/faq_ssi.html?_label_=Surgical+site+infections" id="anch_44">Surgical site infections</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.cdc.gov/cdiff/what-is.html?_label_=%3Cem%3EC.+diff%3C%2Fem%3E%26nbsp%3B%28%3Cem%3EClostridium+difficile%3C%2Fem%3E%29+infections" id="anch_45"><em>C. diff</em>&nbsp;(<em>Clostridium difficile</em>) infections</a></li>
</ul>


The Basics: Types of Infections

<h4>How will I know if I have an infection?</h4>

<p>Common signs that you may have an infection include:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Fever</li>
	<li>Burning or pain below the stomach (the lower abdomen)&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Burning or pain when peeing (urinating) or having to pee more often than&nbsp;usual</li>
	<li>Redness or pain around a catheter or wound</li>
	<li>Pus or other liquid coming from the skin&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Diarrhea (frequent, watery poop)</li>
	<li>Pain that you weren't having before</li>
</ul>


The Basics: Signs of Infection

<p>You and your doctor or nurse can work together to prevent infections by following these steps.</p>

<h4>Talk with your&nbsp;doctor about preventing infections.</h4>

<p>Before having surgery or getting another type of medical procedure, talk with your doctor or nurse about:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Any medical problems you have, like diabetes, since some medical problems can raise your risk of getting an infection&nbsp;</li>
	<li>What your health care team will do before the procedure to help prevent an infection, like cleaning the skin with&nbsp;soap</li>
	<li>What you can do to help protect yourself from an infection after the procedure</li>
</ul>

<p>Start the conversation by saying, “I know how easy it is for people to get infections. I don’t want it to happen to me.”&nbsp;</p>

<h4>Speak up if something doesn’t seem right.</h4>

<p>Don’t be afraid to speak up and ask questions before or after your procedure. For example, tell the doctor or nurse if your bandages aren’t clean, dry, or attached well, point this out to the doctor or nurse. Your safety is their priority.&nbsp;</p>

<p>After your procedure, pay close attention to changes in your health. If you get home and start to feel sick or notice signs of an infection, call your doctor or nurse right away.</p>


Take Action: Talk with the Doctor

<h4>Always make sure your doctors and nurses wash their hands.</h4>

<p>Ask your doctors and nurses if they washed their hands.&nbsp;This is one of the most important ways to prevent infections. Even if they wear gloves, they still need to wash their hands before putting them on — just wearing gloves&nbsp;is not enough to prevent infections.</p>

<p>If you feel uncomfortable asking the doctors or nurses if their hands are clean, remember that it’s their job to help keep you safe and healthy.</p>

<p>For more information,&nbsp;<a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/http/www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/pdfs/patient-factsheet-508.pdf?_label_=check+out+this+patient%E2%80%99s+guide+to+hand+hygiene+%5BPDF%26nbsp%3B-%26nbsp%3B1.4+MB%5D" id="anch_52">check out this patient’s guide to hand hygiene [PDF&nbsp;-&nbsp;1.4 MB]</a>.</p>

<h4>Ask your visitors to wash&nbsp;their hands, too.</h4>

<p>Make sure your family members and friends wash their hands when they visit you. And if a loved one isn’t feeling well, ask them to call instead of visiting in&nbsp;person.</p>


Take Action: Hand Washing

<h4>Take steps to prevent infections after a procedure.</h4>

<p>It's important to follow all the instructions you get for what to do after a medical procedure, including:&nbsp;</p>

<ul>
	<li>Wash your hands with soap and water often —&nbsp;especially after&nbsp;using the bathroom,&nbsp;before eating, and before touching a wound or catheter</li>
	<li>If you have a catheter, ask every day if it's time for the catheter to be removed</li>
	<li>Be sure to keep any follow-up appointments</li>
</ul>

<h4>Use medicines safely.</h4>

<p>You may need to take antibiotics or other medicines after a procedure. Be sure to follow the instructions on when, how often, and how long you need to take your medicines.</p>

<p>If you're taking antibiotics:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Take all doses of the antibiotic unless your doctor tells you to stop</li>
	<li>Never share antibiotics with other&nbsp;people</li>
	<li>Safely get rid of any antibiotics that you don't use</li>
	<li>Tell your doctor or nurse if you start having diarrhea</li>
</ul>

<p>Call your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist right away if you have any questions about your medicine — or if you're worried that your medicine is making you feel worse.</p>

<p><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/myhealthfinder/topics/everyday-healthy-living/safety/use-medicines-safely?_label_=Get+more+tips+to+use+medicines+safely" id="anch_55">Get more tips to use medicines safely</a>.</p>


Take Action: Follow Instructions

<h4>Stay up to date on your vaccines (shots).</h4>

<p>Ask your doctor about important vaccines&nbsp;to protect you from infections. <a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/doctor-visits/shots-vaccines/get-shots-protect-your-health-adults-ages-19-49?_label_=Learn+which+vaccines+adults+need+to+stay+safe.">Learn which vaccines adults need to stay safe.</a></p>

<h4>Quit smoking.</h4>

<p>Quit smoking. Patients who smoke get more infections. Talk to your doctor about how you can quit before your surgery. If you smoke, call 1-800-QUIT-NOW (1-800-784-8669) to make your quit plan.</p>

<p><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/health-conditions/diabetes/quit-smoking?_label_=Get+more+ideas+for%26nbsp%3Bquitting+smoking.">Get more ideas for&nbsp;quitting smoking.</a></p>


Prevent Infections When You Get Medical Care

<p>When you’re sick, medicines can help you feel better and get well. But if you don’t follow the directions, medicines can harm you.</p>

<p>You can lower your chances of side effects from medicines by carefully following the directions on the medicine label or from your pharmacist, doctor, or nurse.</p>

<p>Side effects may be mild, like an upset stomach. Other side effects — like damage to your liver — can be more serious. Some side effects can even be deadly.</p>

<p>Take these&nbsp;steps to avoid problems with medicines:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Follow the directions on the medicine label carefully</li>
	<li>If you don’t understand the directions, ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist to explain them to you</li>
	<li>Keep a list of all the medicines, vitamins, minerals, and herbs you use — and share this information with your doctor at your next checkup</li>
	<li>Store your medicines in a cool, dry place where children and pets can’t see or reach them</li>
</ul>


<h4>There are different types of medicine.</h4>

<p>The 2 categories of medicine are prescription and over-the-counter (OTC).</p>

<h4>Prescription medicines</h4>

<p>Prescription medicines are medicines you can get only with a prescription (order) from your doctor. You get these medicines from a pharmacy.</p>

<p>These medicines are only safe to use if your name is on the prescription. Using someone else’s prescription medicine can be very harmful.</p>

<p>Sometimes you can choose between a generic medicine and a brand name medicine. Generic and brand name medicines work the same way, but generic medicine usually costs less.</p>

<p>Talk to your doctor, pharmacist, or insurance company for more information about generic medicines.&nbsp;<a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/http/www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/QuestionsAnswers/ucm100100.htm?_label_=Learn+more+about+generic+medicines" id="anch_40">Learn more about generic medicines</a>.</p>


The Basics: Prescription Medicines

<h4>Over-the-counter medicines&nbsp;</h4>

<p>Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are medicines you can buy at a store without a prescription.</p>

<p>Some examples of OTC medicines include:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Cold and flu medicines</li>
	<li>Pain medicines like aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen</li>
	<li>Allergy medicines</li>
	<li>Sleep aids</li>
	<li>Toothpaste with fluoride</li>
</ul>

<h4>Drug Facts label</h4>

<p>All OTC medicines come with a Drug Facts label. The information on this label can help you choose the right OTC medicine for&nbsp;your symptoms.</p>

<p>The Drug Facts label also gives you instructions for using the medicine safely. OTC medicines can cause side effects or harm if you use too much or don’t use them correctly.</p>

<p>Following&nbsp;the directions on the Drug Facts label will&nbsp;lower your chances of side effects.&nbsp;<a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/ucm133411.htm?_label_=Learn+more+about+what%E2%80%99s+on+the+Drug+Facts+label" id="anch_43">Learn more about what’s on the Drug Facts label</a>.</p>

<p>Your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can also help you choose OTC medicines and answer any questions you may have.&nbsp;</p>


The Basics: Over-the-Counter Medicines

<p>Take these steps to prevent problems and mistakes with your medicines.</p>

<h4>Talk to your doctor.</h4>

<p>Before you use any new prescription medicines, tell your doctor:</p>

<ul>
	<li>About other medicines you use —&nbsp;both prescription and OTC&nbsp;medicines</li>
	<li>About any vitamins, minerals, or herbs you use&nbsp;</li>
	<li>If you're allergic to any medicines</li>
	<li>If you’ve had side effects after using any medicines</li>
	<li>If you're pregnant or breastfeeding — this is because some medicines may harm your baby</li>
	<li>If you have any questions or concerns about the new medicine</li>
</ul>

<p>Be sure to keep taking prescription medicines until your doctor tells you it’s okay to stop — even if you’re feeling better. If you're worried the medicine is making you feel worse, tell your doctor. Keep in mind that sometimes you can get side effects from stopping your medicine.</p>

<h5 class="MsoNoSpacing"><span>Talk with your doctor about drug misuse.</span></h5>

<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span>If you think you may have a problem with either legal medicines or illegal drugs (like heroin or cocaine), tell your doctor. Your doctor needs to know what drugs you’re using before you start a new medicine — and treatment can help you stop misusing drugs.&nbsp;</span><span><span><span><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/talk-your-doctor-about-drug-misuse?_label_=Learn+more+about+getting+help+for+drug+misuse">Learn more about getting help for drug misuse</a>.</span></span></span></p>


Take Action: Talk to Your Doctor

<h4>Follow the directions carefully.</h4>

<p>Be sure to read the directions carefully when taking prescription or OTC medicines. <a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000882.htm?_label_=Learn+more+about+using+OTC+medicines+safely">Learn more about using OTC medicines safely</a>.</p>

<p>If you notice unpleasant side effects after taking medicine, like feeling dizzy or having an upset stomach, call your doctor or nurse.</p>

<h4>Ask questions to make sure you understand.</h4>

<p>To use a medicine safely, you need to know:</p>

<ul>
	<li>The name of the medicine</li>
	<li>Why you're using the medicine</li>
	<li>How to use the medicine the right way</li>
	<li>If there are any medicines you need to avoid while you’re taking this one</li>
	<li>What the side effects could be</li>
	<li>How to get rid of unused medicine safely</li>
</ul>

<p>Ask your doctor or nurse questions to be sure you understand how to use your medicine. Take notes to help you remember the answers. You can even ask to record the instructions on your phone. <a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/www.ahrq.gov/questions/be-engaged/index.html?_label_=Check+out+these+questions+to+ask+your+doctor+or+nurse">Check out these questions to ask your doctor or nurse</a>.</p>

<p>You can also ask a pharmacist if you forget how to use a medicine or you don’t understand the directions.&nbsp;<a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/http/www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/ucm163330.htm?_label_=Use+these+tips+to+talk+with+a+pharmacist%26nbsp%3Babout+your+medicines">Use these tips to talk with a pharmacist&nbsp;about your medicines</a>.</p>


Take Action: Take Time to Understand Directions

<h4>Keep track of your medicines.</h4>

<p>Follow these tips to help you keep track of your medicines:</p>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/https/ods.od.nih.gov/pubs/DietarySupplementandMedicineRecord.pdf?_label_=Use+this+resource+to+make+a+list+of+the+medicines+you+use+%5BPDF+-+156+KB%5D">Use this resource to make a list of the medicines you use [PDF - 156 KB]</a>. Write down how much you use and when you use each medicine — and make sure to include any dietary supplements (vitamins, minerals, or herbs) you take.</li>
	<li>Take the&nbsp;list with you whenever you go to a medical appointment. You may also want to make a copy to give to a family member or friend in case you have a medical emergency.</li>
	<li>Read and save any information that comes with your&nbsp;medicine.</li>
	<li>Keep your medicine in the box or bottle it came in so you have all the information from the label.</li>
	<li>Pay attention to the color and shape of your pills. If they look different when you get a refill, ask your pharmacist to double-check that you have the right&nbsp;medicine.</li>
</ul>


Take Action: Keep Track

<h4>Put your medicines in a safe place.</h4>

<p>Medicines that are stored correctly last longer and work better. Follow these tips:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Check for storage instructions on the medicine label —&nbsp;for example, some medicines need to be stored in the refrigerator.</li>
	<li>Store medicines that don't have special storage instructions in a cool, dry place. Medicines can break down quickly in places that are damp and warm, like the kitchen or bathroom.</li>
	<li>Keep medicines away from children and pets. Using a locked box, cabinet, or closet is best.&nbsp;<a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/http/www.upandaway.org/?_label_=Get+more+tips+for+how+to+keep+medicines+away+from+children" id="anch_56">Get more tips for how to keep medicines away from children</a>.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Get rid of expired (out-of-date) medicines and medicines you no longer use.&nbsp;<a href="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/api/outlink/topicsearch.json/http/www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/BuyingUsingMedicineSafely/EnsuringSafeUseofMedicine/SafeDisposalofMedicines/ucm186187.htm?_label_=Follow+these+instructions+to+get+rid+of+old+or+extra+medicines+safely" id="anch_57">Follow these instructions to get rid of old or extra medicines safely</a>.</li>
</ul>

<p>Call the Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222) right away if a child or someone else accidentally uses your medicine.</p>


Take Action: Keep Them Safe

Use Medicines Safely

<p>There are many ways to support the health and safety of an older family member or friend. Use these tips to talk to your loved one about preventing falls.</p>

<h2>Start by saying that you care.</h2>

<p>You can say:</p>

<ul>
	<li>“You’re important to me. I know you want to be independent and stay in your home, but I don’t want you to fall and get hurt.”</li>
	<li>“I'm worried because more than 1 in 4 older adults fall&nbsp;each year, and some of those&nbsp;falls lead to serious injuries.”</li>
	<li>“There are lots of things you can do to prevent falls. I want to help.”</li>
</ul>

<h2>Talk about ways to prevent falls.</h2>

<p>You can say:</p>

<ul>
	<li>“Being active will help you feel better and stay independent.”</li>
	<li>“Physical activity&nbsp;helps improve your balance and makes you stronger. This can help keep you from falling.”</li>
	<li>“Ask your doctor or pharmacist to review your medicines. Some medicines can make you sleepy or dizzy and cause you&nbsp;to&nbsp;fall.”</li>
	<li>“Get your vision checked by an eye doctor every&nbsp;year. You might need new glasses or contacts.”</li>
	<li>“Making your home safer can&nbsp;help protect you. For example, try putting non-slip mats in the bathtub or shower.”</li>
</ul>

<h2>Offer to help.</h2>

<p>Here are some ideas:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Help your loved one collect all of their medicines and put them in a bag to take to their next doctor’s visit</li>
	<li>Go with your loved one to get their vision checked</li>
	<li>Install railings on both sides of the stairs&nbsp;and put grab bars inside and outside of the bathtub and next to the toilet (or find someone else to do this, like a professional contractor)</li>
	<li>Sign up for a tai chi class together —&nbsp;tai chi is a mind-body exercise that can improve balance</li>
	<li>Make sure there's a&nbsp;phone close&nbsp;to your loved one's bed or favorite chair</li>
	<li>Help move furniture in your loved one's home so the walking paths are clear</li>
	<li>Pick up clothes, books, and other items from the floor and stairs —&nbsp;this will help keep your loved one from&nbsp;tripping</li>
</ul>


Relevant Topics

Lower Your Risk of Falling

Prevent Back Pain

Prevent Infections When You Get Medical Care

Use Medicines Safely

Preventing Falls: Conversation Starters

Health Information Categories